Trastornos de la coagulación en cirrosis hepática: artículo de revisión
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52784/27112330.145Palabras clave:
cirrosis hepática, coagulopatía, tromboelastografía, hemorragia, trombosis, procoagulante, anticoagulantes.Resumen
Los eventos fisiopatológicos de la cirrosis hepática alteran drásticamente los procesos de hemostasia primaria, secundaria y fibrinólisis. Antiguamente se conceptuaba que dichas alteraciones predisponían exclusivamente a un estado de hipocoagulabilidad, debido a la baja producción hepática de factores procoagulantes y a la trombocitopenia característica. Actualmente existe evidencia de mecanismos de compensación que llevan a un reequilibrio hemostático, que es inestable y fácilmente desregulado ante comorbilidades, complicaciones y progresión de la enfermedad, conduciendo a fenómenos prohemorrágicos o protrombóticos, como trombosis venosa portal, tromboembolismo venoso, etc. Para determinar eficazmente si un paciente cirrótico tiene riesgo de sangrado, no son de utilidad las pruebas de coagulación convencionales. El tratamiento dependerá del estado hipo o hipercoagulable del paciente. Para ello desarrollamos una revisión de los fenómenos hemostáticos en la cirrosis, con el fin de dar a conocer sus características, el método de diagnóstico más eficaz y los tratamientos disponibles.
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