Cardiomiopatía en el paciente con cirrosis hepática: artículo de revisión
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52784/27112330.154Palabras clave:
cardiopatía, cirrosis hepática, circulación, disfunción, diástole, sístole, trasplante hepático.Resumen
La cardiomiopatía cirrótica se trata de una complicación en el paciente cirrótico, con una prevalencia superior al 40%. Es una entidad subclínica, pero ante el ejercicio o estrés circulatorio, desencadena su sintomatología. Su fisiopatología se explica por la hipertensión portal que lleva a vasodilatación esplácnica, con posterior liberación de vasodilatadores y factores cardiosupresores, lo cual conduce a una circulación hiperdinámica y disfunción circulatoria, con elevación del gasto cardíaco, disminución de la resistencia vascular y presión arterial baja. Sus características principales son disfunción cardiaca sistólica y diastólica, circulación hiperdinámica y alteraciones electrofisiológicas, especialmente prolongación del intervalo QT. Para su diagnóstico se usa la ecocardiografía y pruebas de estrés físico o farmacológico. No existe un protocolo de tratamiento estandarizado, sin embargo, el trasplante hepático puede ser un procedimiento efectivo para revertir la disfunción cardiaca en algunos pacientes. En el presente artículo se describen tanto las características de la cardiomiopatía cirrótica, como su papel en la morbilidad y mortalidad del paciente con cirrosis.
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