Manejo de pacientes con síndrome de Budd-Chiari. Revisión de tema
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52784/27112330.115Palabras clave:
síndrome de Budd-Chiari, desvío portosistémico intrahepático transyugular, anticoagulación, angioplastia, trasplante hepático.Resumen
El síndrome de Budd-Chiari (SBC), descrito en 1845, se define como la obstrucción del flujo venoso hepático en ausencia de enfermedad cardíaca o pericárdica. En Colombia no se tienen datos epidemiológicos claros de esta patología, la cual alrededor del mundo se considera poco frecuente. Se diagnostica al demostrar la obstrucción del flujo de las venas hepáticas. Tiene diversas manifestaciones clínicas como fiebre, ascitis, dolor abdominal y circulación colateral, entre otras. En ciertos casos es asintomática y en su gran mayoría se acompaña de patologías protrombóticas. El manejo inicial depende de la condición del paciente; sin embargo, se ha propuesto el manejo escalonado, donde se inicia con anticoagulación, se continúa con angioplastia, luego con desvío portosistémico intrahepático transyugular (TIPS), y se termina con trasplante hepático. El pronóstico depende de un diagnóstico precoz y un tratamiento adecuado. En las mejores circunstancias se alcanza una sobrevida a cinco años en el 90% de los casos, mientras que en ausencia de manejo, la tasa de mortalidad a un año alcanza el mismo porcentaje.
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