Recomendaciones en el tratamiento actual de la infección crónica por el virus de la hepatitis B
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52784/27112330.114Palabras clave:
virus de la hepatitis B, infección crónica, tratamiento, interferón, análogos de los nucleótidos/nucleósidos, carga viral.Resumen
La infección crónica por el virus de la hepatitis B (VHB) se considera un problema de salud pública mundial. Se estima que al menos dos mil millones de personas han estado expuestas al VHB, y a pesar de una vacuna efectiva, 300 millones de personas están infectadas crónicamente a nivel mundial. Aunque el virus no es directamente citopático, la infección puede desencadenar cirrosis hepática y aun, carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC). El ADN circular cerrado covalentemente (ADNccc) en el núcleo de los hepatocitos y la incapacidad del sistema inmunitario para eliminar la infección crónica por el virus son los mecanismos más importantes de la infección por VHB. Las diferentes entidades, como la Asociación Europea para el Estudio del Hígado (EASL) y la Asociación Americana para el Estudio de las Enfermedades Hepáticas (AASLD), ponen a disposición las pautas para el manejo de esta enfermedad. A pesar de los avances en el tratamiento de la infección crónica por el VHB, en particular con el desarrollo de los análogos de los nucleótidos/nucleósidos, quedan aún muchos interrogantes. Las investigaciones continúan para el desarrollo de nuevas opciones de tratamiento enfocadas principalmente en evitar que la suspensión de la terapia conlleve a un incremento de la carga viral, con el consecuente aumento del riesgo de progresión de la enfermedad hepática, y un eventual CHC.
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